Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that regulates abiotic stress responses and development. SNF1-rerated protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) key regulator of ABA signaling. To isolate compounds which directly affect SnRK2 activity, we optimized fluorescence-based system for high-throughput screening (HTS) regulators. Using this system, screened chemical library consisting 16,000 identified ten (I...

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential hormone that controls plant growth, development and responses to abiotic stresses. ABA signaling is mediated by type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), including HAB1 and ABI2, which inhibit stress-activated SnRK2 kinases and whose activity is regulated by ABA and ABA receptors. Based on biochemical data and our previously determined crystal structures of ABI2 ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and play critical roles in growth and development as well as stress responses in eukaryotes. miRNA biogenesis in plants requires a processing complex that consists of the core components DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1), SERRATE (SE) and HYPONASTIC LEAVES (HYL1). Here we show that inactivation of functionally redundant members of the SnRK2 kinases, which are the c...

ABA is a major phytohormone that regulates a broad range of plant traits and is especially important for adaptation to environmental conditions. Our understanding of the molecular basis of ABA responses in plants improved dramatically in 2009 and 2010, banner years for ABA research. There are three major components; PYR/PYL/ RCAR (an ABA receptor), type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C; a negative ...

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates drought responses in plants and, in particular, triggers stomatal closure. Snf1-related kinase 2 (SnRK2) proteins from several plant species have been implicated in ABA-signaling pathways. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) guard cells, OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1)/SRK2E/SnRK2-6 is a critical positive regulator of ABA signal transduction. A better under...

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential hormone for plants to survive environmental stresses. At the center of the ABA signaling network is a subfamily of type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), which form exclusive interactions with ABA receptors and subfamily 2 Snfl-related kinase (SnRK2s). Here, we report a SnRK2-PP2C complex structure, which reveals marked similarity in PP2C recognition by SnRK2 ...

ساختارهای شناختی ابعاد مهمی از ارزیابی­ها در روابط هستند. طرفی ایران خانواده­های همسران، نقش کیفیت زناشویی دارند. تحقیق حاضر به مطالعه بخشی این شناخت­ها یعنی استانداردها منظر والدین ایرانی درباره عروس و داماد مطلوب، با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی تفسیری، پرداخته است. بدین منظور 20 نفر دارای حداقل یک یا داماد، مصاحبه نیمه­ساختار یافته صورت گرفت. میانگین سنی مادران پدران ترتیب 5/57 5/58 سال بود. داده­ها ا...